AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Activities such as Olympic Weightlifing and the 100m sprint utilize ATP at a very high rate and therefore rely on the Adenosine triphosphate-Phosphocreatine (ATP-PCr) pathways to rephosphorylate ADP to ATP.

Detailed explanation-2: -Your body needs a continuous supply of ATP for energy, whether it’s needed for lifting weights, walking, thinking or running. It is important in the 100m and 200m events, and also in the final sprint at the end of a middle-distance race. This system is, in fact, anaerobic, which means it does not use oxygen.

Detailed explanation-3: -The primary energy source for sprinting distances up to 400 meters, then, is Phosphocreatine. From 400 meters to 1, 500 meters, it’s anaerobic glycolysis. For distances longer than 1, 500 meters, athletes rely primarily on aerobic metabolism.

Detailed explanation-4: -8 marks Answer: An elite swimmer performs a flat-out 100 metre freestyle: Via the anaerobic glycolytic (lactic acid) system. Process called glycolysis or the incomplete breakdown of sugar. Glycolytic enzymes (for example, phosphofructokinase PFK) assist breakdown of glucose.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ATP-PC System lasts for 6-10 seconds and is used during maximal power output exercises such as all-out effort sprints, jumps, 1RMs etc. It’s the simplest energy production process, as it enables a fast muscle contraction. There is also no acidic by-product, which usually causes fatigue.