AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton chemically positive to the negative side.

Detailed explanation-2: -ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP molecules. It is a multi-part complex that straddles the inner membrane of mitochondria, the energy factories in cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -The function of ATP synthase is to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the F1 sector. This is possible due to energy derived from a gradient of protons which cross the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix through the Fo portion of the enzyme.

Detailed explanation-4: -ATP Synthase is a complex structure consisting of two domains Fo and F1. F1 is a spherical structure, which, in the case of mitochondria, sticks out into the matrix and is anchored to the membrane by a stator to prevent rotation.

Detailed explanation-5: -ATP synthases produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate with energy from a transmembrane proton motive force. Bacterial ATP synthases have been studied extensively because they are the simplest form of the enzyme and because of the relative ease of genetic manipulation of these complexes.