AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -ATP is synthesized by the F type ATPase (ATP synthase), which is present in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and (photosynthetic) bacteria (1–4).

Detailed explanation-2: -As you’ll see in this topic, the same components, electron transport chain and ATP synthase, are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. And as in the prokaryotic example, chemiosmosis in both organelles involves harvesting energy from redox reactions, storing the energy in a proton gradient, and producing ATP.

Detailed explanation-3: -In eukaryotes, the ATP synthase complex is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, with ATP synthesis reaction occurring on the membrane side toward matrix compartment. In plants, the enzyme is in addition localized in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the ATP-forming-moiety facing the stroma.

Detailed explanation-4: -The chloroplast ATP synthase (cF1Fo) is located in the stroma lamellae and flat grana end membranes (11). It is spatially separated from the water-splitting photosystem II in the chloroplast grana.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ATP synthases comprise a very large group of highly conserved enzymes that are found in the bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, and the inner membranes of mitochondria.