AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucose and other food molecules are broken down by controlled stepwise oxidation to provide chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADH.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose is converted into ATP by cellular respiration. One molecule of glucose produces 38 ATP molecules by aerobic respiration in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The steps involved in cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-3: -So, in aerobic respiration, a total of 38 molecules of ATP are created, with 2 ATP molecules formed outside the mitochondria. Electron transfer from glycolysis’ NADH and FADH2 molecules, pyruvate transformation, and the Krebs cycle generates up to 32 additional ATP molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is the creation of ATP from ADP using energy from sunlight, and occurs during photosynthesis. ATP is also formed from the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria of a cell. This can be through aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen, or anaerobic respiration, which does not.

Detailed explanation-5: -The majority of ATP synthesis occurs in cellular respiration within the mitochondrial matrix: generating approximately thirty-two ATP molecules per molecule of glucose that is oxidized.