AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. The sunlight is converted to chemical energy during these reactions. The chlorophyll in the plants absorb sunlight and transfers to the photosystem which are responsible for photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the thylakoids. These reactions occur when the pigment chlorophyll, located within the thylakoid membranes, captures energy from the sun (photons) to initiate the breakdown of water molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -These reactions occur within specialised membrane discs within the chloroplast called thylakoids and involve three steps: Excitation of photosystems by light energy. Production of ATP via an electron transport chain. Reduction of NADP+ and the photolysis of water.

Detailed explanation-5: -The light dependent process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The process, illustrated below, begins when light strikes a molecule of chlorophyll and excites electrons to a higher energy state. Water is split to replace the electrons, releasing oxygen as a by-product.