AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from chemiosmotic phosphorylation. Chemiosmotic phosphorylation is the process through which an osmotic gradient is used to supply the energy which is needed to phosphorylate ATP.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photosynthesis generates oxygen and organic molecules that the mitochondria of eukaryotes (including plants and algae) use as fuel for cellular respiration. Cells harvest the chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to regenerate ATP, the molecule that drives most cellular work.

Detailed explanation-3: -In aerobic respiration, the cell harvests energy from glucose molecules in a sequence of four major pathways: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Anaerobic respiration donates the harvested electrons to other inorganic compounds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. The main aim of oxidative phosphorylation is to produce multiple molecules of the energy-carrying molecule ATP. ATP is produced from the phosphorylation of ADP-hence, the word phosphorylation in “oxidative phosphorylation!”

Detailed explanation-5: -Two net ATP are made in glycolysis, and another two ATP (or energetically equivalent GTP) are made in the citric acid cycle. Beyond those four, the remaining ATP all come from oxidative phosphorylation.