AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis is the initial stage in cellular respiration and the process of breaking down glucose molecules into pyruvic acid. Glycolysis is the process by which all cells in the body generate energy. Glycolysis reduces to form pyruvate in aerobic conditions and lactate in anaerobic conditions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down within the cytoplasm of a cell to form pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria, where it enters the citric acid cycle and generates reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH2.

Detailed explanation-3: -During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi–> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glycolysis is the initial breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, a three carbon structure, in the cytoplasm. The pyruvate then moves into the mitochondrial matrix where a transition step called pyruvate oxidation takes place.

Detailed explanation-5: -During glycolysis, a glucose molecule with six carbon atoms is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, each of which contains three carbon atoms. For each molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to provide energy to drive the early steps, but four molecules of ATP are produced in the later steps.