AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the matrix, NADH deposits electrons at Complex I, turning into NAD+ and releasing a proton into the matrix. FADH2 in the matrix deposits electrons at Complex II, turning into FAD and releasing 2 H+.

Detailed explanation-2: -Basically, the NADH and FADH2 molecules are affixed with electrons and are transferred to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. They travel down the electron transport chain, releasing the electrons that they once had. The end result is loads of energy, approximately 34 ATP (energy molecule).

Detailed explanation-3: -Electrons carried by NADH + H+ and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen via a series of electron carriers, and ATPs are formed. Three ATPs are formed from each NADH + H+, and two ATPs are formed for each FADH2 in eukaryotes.

Detailed explanation-4: -These electrons, carried by NADH and FADH2, are then combined with O2 by means of the respiratory chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The large amount of energy released is harnessed by the inner membrane to drive the conversion of ADP + Pi to ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -The electrochemical gradient formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane when hydrogen ions are pumped across creates a literal force of ions trying to cross back into the matrix to where the concentration is lower. This force is utilized by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.