AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The proteins are arranged in order of increasing electronegativity. The most electronegative protein is at the end of the ETC. A series of REDOX reactions occur between each protein complex to transfer the electrons. Two electrons are transferred each time.

Detailed explanation-2: -So, the correct answer is ‘PSII, plastoquinone, cytochromes, PSI, ferredoxin’.

Detailed explanation-3: -The electron transport chain is a collection of membrane-embedded proteins and organic molecules, most of them organized into four large complexes labeled I to IV. In eukaryotes, many copies of these molecules are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Detailed explanation-4: -Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is synthesized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer.

Detailed explanation-5: -The complete cellular process consists of four pathways: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.