AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Step 1: The first step is the condensation of acetyl CoA with 4-carbon compound oxaloacetate to form 6C citrate, coenzyme A is released. The reaction is catalysed by citrate synthase. Step 2: Citrate is converted to its isomer, isocitrate.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis. The first stage of aerobic respiration is glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis converts glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into two smaller three-carbon molecules called pyruvate.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first is glycolysis, the pathway responsible for breaking down glucose into pyruvate. The two pyruvate molecules from each glucose then enter the citric acid cycle, which releases the energy within the pyruvates by breaking them down into inorganic molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -The transition reaction is the transition between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The transition reaction converts pyruvate (3 carbons) to acetyl CoA (2 carbons), producing carbon dioxide (CO2) and a NADH as shown below.