AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis produces only two net molecules of ATP per 1 molecule of glucose.

Detailed explanation-2: -When glucose ferments, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules in the glycolysis process. Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation proceed in the same way. When a glucose molecule is partly oxidised to make two molecules of pyruvate, glycolysis produces four molecules of ATP.

Detailed explanation-3: -2 molecules of ATP are utilised in the glycolysis. One molecule of ATP is utilised when glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate and the other is utilised when fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate. So, the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis is 2.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fermentation is a partial breakdown of glucose producing only 2 net ATP’s per glucose by way of substrate-level phosphorylation, involves only glycolysis, and is found in anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria.

Detailed explanation-5: -Lactic acid fermentation has two steps: glycolysis and NADH regeneration. During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules, producing two net ATP and two NADH.