AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions), and in the presence of benecial microorganisms (yeasts, molds, and bacteria) that obtain their energy through fermentation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Yeast are single-celled microorganisms that are classified, along with molds and mushrooms, as members of the Kingdom Fungi. Yeasts are evolutionarily diverse and are therefore classified into two separate phyla, Ascomycota or sac fungi and Basidiomycota or higher fungi, that together form the subkingdom Dikarya.

Detailed explanation-3: -Alcoholic fermentation occurs by the action of yeast; lactic acid fermentation, by the action of bacteria.

Detailed explanation-4: -Yeast discovery In 1860, Pasteur proved that fermentation is caused by living organisms and asserted that the agents which are responsible for the reaction are connected with the yeast cell.