AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Without oxygen, pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is not metabolized by cellular respiration but undergoes a process of fermentation. The pyruvate is not transported into the mitochondrion but remains in the cytoplasm, where it is converted to waste products that may be removed from the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -When oxygen is not present or if an organism is not able to undergo aerobic respiration, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. Fermentation does not require oxygen and is therefore anaerobic.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that’s performed by many types of organisms and cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Respiration in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. It is also termed fermentation. In this process, glucose is partially broken down anaerobically which produces two ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -Without oxygen, some human cells must use fermentation to produce ATP, and this process produces only two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. Although fermentation produces less ATP, it has the advantage of doing so very quickly.