AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP ). Likewise, energy is also released when a phosphate is removed from ADP to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP).

Detailed explanation-2: -If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. The energy holding that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do work for the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -When phosphate bonds are broken in ATP molecules, the energy produced as a result is harnessed by molecules such as enzymes and is used to power biochemical reactions that result in cellular work. ATP can be “re-energized” by adding an inorganic phosphate to a molecule of ADP which in turn will create ATP.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hydrolysis of ATP Removing or adding one phosphate group interconverts ATP to ADP or ADP to AMP. Breaking one phosphoanhydride bond releases 7.3 kcal/mol of energy.

Detailed explanation-5: -In the case of ATP, three phosphate groups are bound together by phosphoanhydride bonds. These bonds store large amounts of energy. To break a bond between phosphate groups, a water molecule is consumed, and therefore the breakage occurs through hydrolysis. Breaking this bond releases large amounts of energy.