AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Your muscles are forced to work without enough oxygen. In these situations, your working muscles generate ATP anaerobically (i.e., without oxygen) using a process called fermentation. Fermentation is beneficial in that it can generate ATP quickly for working muscle cells when oxygen is scarce.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentation – Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration where respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is an anaerobic pathway-a common pathway in the majority of prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes.

Detailed explanation-3: -In muscle cells, fermentation occurs through the lactic acid pathway. During this process, glucose is phosphorylated, broken down and oxidised to make two molecules of pyruvate. The produced pyruvate is then reduced by NADH to make lactic acid. Only two ATP molecules are produced using this pathway.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aerobic respiration produces around 18 times more energy compared to anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration generates 38 ATP, while anaerobic respiration generates 2 ATP using one glucose molecule. Anaerobic respiration thus produces less energy than aerobic respiration.