AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This process, called anaerobic cellular respiration, is performed by some bacteria and archaea.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the case of anaerobic digestion, oxygen is unavailable, respiration is incomplete and collectively termed anaerobic fermentation. During fermentation, sugars are degraded into molecules such as lactate, alcohol, butyrate, or propionate.

Detailed explanation-3: -fermentation, chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically.

Detailed explanation-4: -4: Lactic acid fermentation makes ATP in the absence of oxygen by converting glucose to lactic acid (through a pyruvate intermediate). Making lactic acid from pyruvate oxidizes NADH, regenerating NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue to make more ATP rapidly.

Detailed explanation-5: -1.2. In the alcoholic fermentation process, yeast generally carries out the aerobic fermentation process, but it may also ferment the raw materials under anaerobic conditions. In the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation occurs in the cytosol of yeast (Sablayrolles, 2009; Stanbury et al., 2013).