AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration because glucose is the only source of energy and the process of glycolysis is independent of oxygen. Thus, the absence or presence of oxygen does not play a role in this process which is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anaerobic respiration involves the partial breakdown of glucose in the cytosol for a small yield of ATP. Aerobic respiration utilises oxygen to completely break down glucose in the mitochondria for a larger ATP yield.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glycolysis is a common step for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It takes place in the cytoplasm and is independant of the presence or absence of oxygen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis.