AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is changed into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) by phosphoglucoisomerase (phosphoglucose isomerase) in the second step.

Detailed explanation-2: -The great majority of glucose is converted to fructose 6-phosphate upon entering a cell. Fructose is predominantly converted to fructose 1-phosphate by fructokinase following cellular import.

Detailed explanation-3: -The second step of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. This reaction occurs with the help of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase.

Detailed explanation-4: -2.4. First, G6P is converted into fructose-6 phosphate, which may either enter the hexosamine pathway in combination with glutamine to produce UDP-Nacetylglucosamine or it can follow the glycolytic pathway. The hexosamine pathway usually accounts for only 2–5% of total glucose metabolism.

Detailed explanation-5: -Isomerization of glucose to fructose could be achieved using biological or chemical catalysts including homogeneous base/acid catalysts (5) or heterogeneous solid catalysts. (6) Many types of research contributed to the acid-catalyzed isomerization of d-glucose to d-fructose promoted by aluminum-based catalysts.