AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration where respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is an anaerobic pathway-a common pathway in the majority of prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes. In this process, glucose is partially oxidised to form acids and alcohol.

Detailed explanation-2: -The fermentation of lactic acid or lactate fermentation is an anaerobic process that takes place in the cytoplasm of the cells. In this process, the enzyme converts the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis into a three-carbon molecule called lactic acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Occurrence: Aerobic respiration take place in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and mitochondria (Krebs cycle and electron transport chain). Anaerobic respiration takes places only in the cytoplasm. Fermentation belongs to the anaerobic respiration and it takes place in the cytoplasm only.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaerobic respiration is the process by which cells break down sugars to produce energy without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is also called fermentation. Fermentation mainly occurs in yeast cells, bacteria, and muscle cells of animals.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fermentation starts with glycolysis, but it does not involve the latter two stages of aerobic cellular respiration (the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation).