AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ from glycolysis will be recycled back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lactic Acid Fermentation Most organisms carry out fermentation through a chemical reaction that converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into lactic acid or lactate. Lactic acid fermentation also converts NADH into NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. The following diagram shows a summary of lactic acid fermentation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermentation removes electrons from NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis. Why is this process important? Because glycolysis, just like cellular respiration, needs a molecule that picks up electrons.

Detailed explanation-4: -During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules, producing two net ATP and two NADH. During NADH regeneration, the two NADH donate electrons and hydrogen atoms to the two pyruvate molecules, producing two lactate molecules and regenerating NAD+.

Detailed explanation-5: -The NADH (biological substance producing energy) gets recycled by the fermentation process into NAD+ to allow glycolysis to generate ATP without oxygen.