AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation is the process of the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce alcohol, acids, and gases. It is an anaerobic process. It produces CO2 as a by-product. Hence, oxygen is not required for the process of fermentation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentation does not require oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Fermentation will replenish NAD+ from the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. One type of fermentation is alcohol fermentation. First, pyruvate is decarboxylated (CO2 leaves) to form acetaldehyde.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the absence of oxygen, NAD+ may not be regenerated via the electron transport chain (which depends on oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor). Fermentation allows NAD+ to be regenerated in the absence of oxygen via lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that’s performed by many types of organisms and cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -Respiration in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. It is also termed fermentation. In this process, glucose is partially broken down anaerobically which produces two ATP.