AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by hexokinase, an enzyme with broad specificity that catalyzes the phosphorylation of six-carbon sugars. Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose using ATP as the source of the phosphate, producing glucose-6-phosphate, a more reactive form of glucose.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose-6 phosphate is the first intermediate of glucose metabolism and plays a central role in the energy metabolism of the liver. It acts as a hub to metabolically connect glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway.

Detailed explanation-3: -The enzyme Hexokinase is known to catalyze the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Production of glucose-6-phosphate The major reason for the immediate phosphorylation of glucose is to prevent diffusion out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged phosphate group so the glucose-6-phosphate cannot easily cross the cell membrane.

Detailed explanation-5: -Glucose-6-phosphate is readily utilized for the synthesis and storage of glycogen and its metabolism is enhanced to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway due to the action of several regulatory enzymes under the control of insulin-mediated actions.