AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The second step of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). This reaction occurs with the help of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PI). As the name of the enzyme suggests, this reaction involves an isomerization reaction. Glucose and fructose are isomers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose-6-phosphate will be used in glycogen synthesis (a storage form of glucose), production of other carbon compounds by the pentose-phosphate pathway, or degraded in order to produce energy-glycolysis. In order to be used for energy production, glucose-6-phosphate must first be isomerized in fructose-6-phosphate.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glucose 1-phosphate is rearranged into glucose 6-phosphate. Glycogen Phosphorylase may sequentially remove residues from the non-reducing ends of glycogen chains until it approaches a branching point.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glucose and fructose sugars are isomers of each other. When Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate, this process is known as isomerization.