AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The two forms of NAD constitute a redox couple. This term is used to describe reduced and oxidized forms of the same molecule. The NAD+ Is the oxidized form, that is, a state in which it loses an electron. NADH is a reduced form of the molecule, which means that it gains the electron lost by NAD+.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reduction is when a molecule gains electrons, such as when NAD+ gains the electrons from a hydride to become NADH. In this case, we say that NAD+ has been reduced to NADH. Oxidation is when a molecule loses electrons, such as when NADH loses its hydride to become NAD+.

Detailed explanation-3: -As NAD is reduced, one electron is added at the Nitrogen atom (removing the + charge), and one (electron + proton = H atom) is added at the upper position of the nicotinamide ring.

Detailed explanation-4: -The necessary reduced form of NAD is Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen or NADH. It is significantly reduced NAD with unique high-energy hydrogen that interacts with the oxygen molecule to synthesize energy.