AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -PEP is formed by the action of the enzyme enolase on 2-phosphoglyceric acid. Metabolism of PEP to pyruvic acid by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. ATP is one of the major currencies of chemical energy within cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -The process in which glucose is broken down to 2 molecules of pyruvate is called glycolysis. The conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoenolpyruvate is an intermediate step in glycolysis. This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme enolase and the cofactor involved is metallic magnesium or manganese.

Detailed explanation-3: -Enolase is used to convert 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the 9th reaction of glycolysis: it is a reversible dehydration reaction.. Enolase is expressed abundantly in most cells and has been proven useful as a model to study mechanisms of enzyme action and structural analysis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enzyme enolase catalyses the conversion of 2 PGA to phosphoenol pyruvic acid in the presence of cofactor.

Detailed explanation-5: -Glycolysis starts with one molecule of glucose and ends with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, a total of four ATP molecules, and two molecules of NADH.