AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During aerobic respiration, ATP is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in a process referred to as oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phosphorylation Definition Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a molecule. In biological systems, this reaction is vital for the cellular storage and transfer of free energy using energy carrier molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common and important post-translational modifications (PTMs) (1, 2). This reversible mechanism occurs through protein kinases and consists of the addition of a phosphate group (PO4) to the polar group R of various amino acids.

Detailed explanation-4: -ATP is able to power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule (a process called phosphorylation). This transfer is carried out by special enzymes that couple the release of energy from ATP to cellular activities that require energy.

Detailed explanation-5: -The compound that is phosphorylated to form ATP is adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ADP is an organic compound that is made up of an adenosine molecule (adenine base attached to a ribose sugar) bound with two phosphate groups.