AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The second step of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). This reaction occurs with the help of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PI). As the name of the enzyme suggests, this reaction involves an isomerization reaction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) is a member of the ectoenzyme/exoenzyme family and plays a key role in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Upon secretion PHI acts as a cytokine with tumor autocrine motility factor (AMF), neuroleukin (NLK) and maturation factor (MF) functions.

Detailed explanation-3: -The -and -phosphoglucomutases are enzymes found in all plant and animal cells that catalyze the reversible isomerization of glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) (Scheme 5).

Detailed explanation-4: -Phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3. 1.9) catalyzes the second step in glycolysis, the reversible isomerization of d-glucose 6-phosphate to d-fructose 6-phosphate. The reaction mechanism involves acid-base catalysis with proton transfer and proceeds through a cis-enediol(ate) intermediate.