AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is anaerobic and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, the pathway will continue on to the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, if oxygen is not present, some organisms can undergo fermentation to continually produce ATP.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis.

Detailed explanation-3: -(i) In aerobic respiration, glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. (ii) In aerobic respiration, glycolysis cannot occur without the presence of oxygen. (iii) In the process of glycolysis, glucose molecules are oxidised to produce the molecules of pyruvate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaerobic processes do not use oxygen, so the pyruvate product-ATP is one kind of pyruvate-remains in place to be broken down or catalyzed by other reactions, such as what occurs in muscle tissue or in fermentation.

Detailed explanation-5: -The conversion of glucose to lactate is known as anaerobic glycolysis, since it does not require oxygen.