AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The chemical addition of a phosphate group (PO3-) to an organic molecule is known as phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is carried out by enzymes known as phosphotransferases or kinases. A phosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group.

Detailed explanation-2: -Listen to pronunciation. (fos-FOR-ih-LAY-shun) A process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, such as a sugar or a protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -kinase, an enzyme that adds phosphate groups (PO43−) to other molecules. A large number of kinases exist-the human genome contains at least 500 kinase-encoding genes. Included among these enzymes’ targets for phosphate group addition (phosphorylation) are proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phosphorylation is a reversible reaction; it means that a phosphate molecule can be added and removed. The enzymes that are responsible for adding phosphate groups to proteins are known as “kinases”.

Detailed explanation-5: -This type of reaction is known as dehydration synthesis, which means “to put together while losing water”. When nucleic acids are formed, the phosphate group at the C-5’ of the sugar reacts with the free-OH group on the 3’-C, losing a water molecule and forming the phosphodiester bond.