AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−) group by hydrolysis. To dephosphorylate a protein or DNA, an enzyme or hydrolase that cleaves ester bonds is required.

Detailed explanation-2: -Dephosphorylation involves removal of the phosphate group through a hydration reaction by addition of a molecule of water and release of the original phosphate group, regenerating the hydroxyl.

Detailed explanation-3: -Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are important posttranslational modifications of native proteins, occurring site specifically on a protein surface. These biological processes play important roles in intracellular signal transduction cascades and switching the enzymatic activity.

Detailed explanation-4: -Dephosphorylation. Dephosphorylation is the reverse of phosphorylation. Dephosphorylation is the process by which phosphate groups are removed; this process is done by hydrolysis. Dephosphorylation is accomplished with the use of a hydrolytic enzyme, or hydrolase, which cleaves ester bonds.

Detailed explanation-5: -Whereas phosphatases remove phosphate groups from molecules, kinases catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to molecules from ATP. Together, kinases and phosphatases direct a form of post-translational modification that is essential to the cell’s regulatory network.