AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -ATP is required in the first half of glycolysis, when glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase and when fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase.

Detailed explanation-2: -First Half of Glycolysis (Energy-Requiring Steps) In the first half of glycolysis, two adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used in the phosphorylation of glucose, which is then split into two three-carbon molecules as described in the following steps.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm. First stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Requires 2 ATP to begin, and starts with glucose.

Detailed explanation-4: -In organisms that perform cellular respiration, glycolysis is the first stage of this process. However, glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen, and many anaerobic organisms-organisms that do not use oxygen-also have this pathway.

Detailed explanation-5: -Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can’t run without oxidative phosphorylation. Each stage of cellular respiration is covered in more detail in other articles and videos on the site.