AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The ATP synthase (F1-ATPase) is attached to the Fo protein on the inside of the matrix. ATP synthase uses the protons flowing into the matrix to bind ADP and Pi and release ATP. The F1-ATPase is named by the reverse reaction it catalyzes when it is isolated from mitochondria and thus uncoupled from the proton gradient.

Detailed explanation-2: -The human mitochondrial (mt) ATP synthase, or complex V (EC 3.6. 3.14) is the 5th multi subunit oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex. It synthesizes ATP from ADP in the mitochondrial matrix using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient (Capaldi et al.

Detailed explanation-3: -ATP synthesis takes place in the ATP synthase complex of the Electron transport chain, which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Detailed explanation-4: -ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP molecules. It is a multi-part complex that straddles the inner membrane of mitochondria, the energy factories in cells. The enzyme complex interacts with fatty molecules in the mitochondrial inner membrane, creating a curvature that is required to produce ATP more efficiently.

Detailed explanation-5: -The mitochondrial matrix contains a large variety of enzymes, including those that convert pyruvate and fatty acids to acetyl CoA and those that oxidize this acetyl CoA to CO2through the citric acid cycle. Large amounts of NADH (and FADH2) are produced by these oxidation reactions.