AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This gradient increases the acidity in the intermembrane space and creates an electrical difference with a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside. The ETC proteins in a general order are complex I, complex II, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome C, and complex IV.

Detailed explanation-2: -After cyanide poisoning, the electron transport chain can no longer pump electrons into the intermembrane space. The pH of the intermembrane space would increase, the pH gradient would decrease, and ATP synthesis would stop.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.

Detailed explanation-4: -If there are more hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space, this means there are more hydrogen ions available to move through the channel of ATP synthase. This in turn means that there will be an increase in the number of ADP molecules being phosphorylated. Therefore, more ATP will be produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: The relationship in mitochondria between changes in the pH of the intermembrane space and the production of ATP by ATP synthase is that as the pH of the intermembrane space decreases (i.e. gets more acidic), the production of ATP by ATP synthase will increase.