AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hence, during the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose, 38 molecules of ATP are produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi–> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O).

Detailed explanation-3: -In eukaryotic cells, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP generated per glucose is 36 to 38, depending on how the 2 NADH generated in the cytoplasm during glycolysis enter the mitochondria and whether the resulting yield is 2 or 3 ATP per NADH.

Detailed explanation-4: -The processes of cellular respiration involve glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. For every glucose molecule, the overall ATP output from full oxidation is 36 or 38 ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -The number depends on the type of cell that we are considering. Cells such as cardiac muscle cells or liver cells that utilize the malate-aspartate shuttle generate 32 ATP molecules per glucose while cells such as skeletal muscle cells which utilize the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle generate 30 ATP molecules.