AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The electrons flow through the electron transport chain, causing protons to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Detailed explanation-2: -The transfer of energy from reduced electron carriers to oxygen occurs through the pumping of hydrogen ions (also called proton or H+ ion) into the intermembrane space.

Detailed explanation-3: -During electron transport through the electron transport system, protons (H+) get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Detailed explanation-4: -Specifically, the energy in the electrons is used pump hydrogen ions (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient.

Detailed explanation-5: -Four hydrogens are pumped across the membrane to the intermembrane space. Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase). This final complex in the electron transport chain accomplishes the final transfer of the electrons to oxygen and pumps two protons across the membrane.