AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria play a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells. As reviewed in Chapter 2, they are responsible for most of the useful energy derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates and fatty acids, which is converted to ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-2: -For example, biochemical reactions in a cell’s mitochondria transfer energy from fatty acids and pyruvate molecules into an energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Subsequently, the rest of the cell’s organelles use this ATP as the source of the energy they need to operate.

Detailed explanation-3: -The mitochondria do not produce oxygen as a byproduct of cellular respiration. Instead, the mitochondria forms carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. During the electron transport chain phase, oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.

Detailed explanation-4: -ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell, and is produced in a process known as cellular respiration.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mitochondria burn oxygen and provide energy for the body. Cells lacking oxygen or nutrients have to change their energy supply quickly in order to keep growing.