AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -First, acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon molecule, losing the CoA group and forming the six-carbon molecule citrate. After citrate undergoes a rearrangement step, it undergoes an oxidation reaction, transferring electrons to NAD+ to form NADH and releasing a molecule of carbon dioxide.

Detailed explanation-2: -The CO2 will diffuse out of the cell. In addition, one molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH during this process per molecule of pyruvate oxidized.

Detailed explanation-3: -NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two molecules of carbon dioxide are given off. One molecule of ATP is formed. Three molecules of NADH are produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -Anaerobic respiration Glucose is converted into pyruvate with the net release of 2 ATP molecules. 2 molecules of reduced NAD are also formed.