AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Like humans, many nonhuman primates also live in large groups characterized by patterns of social behaviors like grooming, imitative and cooperative foraging, differentiated affiliative relationships, ritualized courtship and mating behavior, and competitive interactions structured by social dominance (10, 11).

Detailed explanation-2: -Many primates and other animals live in social groups. In social groups, individual members coordinate their activities, communicate with one another, and interact in both affiliative (friendly) and agonistic (aggressive or submissive) ways.

Detailed explanation-3: -The social systems of all great apes have common traits. They are characterized by weak ties, female transfer is common, they have a tendency toward fission-fusion grouping and a complex social network, females lack sharply defined dominance relations, and intrasexual bonds among non-kin can be relatively strong.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are seven types of primate social organisations identified in the literature (discussed below), including: solitary primate systems, pair-bonded systems, one-male-multi-female systems, one-female-multi-male systems, multi-male-multi-female systems, fission fusion societies, and multilevel societies.