AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -All archaic Homo sapiens share the defining trait of an increased brain size-specifically a brain of at least 1, 100 cc and averaging 1, 200 cc-but are also characterized by significant regional and temporal (time) variations.

Detailed explanation-2: -The evolution of modern humans "Some characteristics that have distinguished hominins from other primates, living and extinct, are their erect posture, bipedal locomotion, larger brains, and behavioral characteristics such as specialized tool use and, in some cases, communication through language, ” wrote Pontzer.

Detailed explanation-3: -The volume of the human brain has increased as humans have evolved (see Homininae), starting from about 600 cm3 in Homo habilis up to 1680 cm3 in Homo neanderthalensis, which was the hominid with the biggest brain size.

Detailed explanation-4: -erectus fossils have brain sizes only slightly larger than earlier hominins (australopiths), early large-bodied specimens, such as the Nariokotome individual, have a brain volume greater than 800 cm3, more than 50% larger than earlier australopiths (and about 60% of the typical brain size of someone living today).

Detailed explanation-5: -Starting around 3 million years ago, however, the hominin brain began a massive expansion. By the time our species, Homo sapiens, emerged about 200, 000 years ago, the human brain had swelled from about 350 grams to more than 1, 300 grams.