AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The long and cold winters in the boreal forest have led to the predominance of cold-tolerant cone-bearing plants. These are evergreen coniferous trees like pines, spruce, and fir, which retain their needle-shaped leaves year-round.

Detailed explanation-2: -What is a coniferous forest? A coniferous forest contains evergreen trees that bear cones. Elegant pines grow in this biome, along with spruce, fir, and tamarack. In much of the northern forest, the conifers mingle with deciduous trees, particularly aspen, birch, sugar maple, and basswood.

Detailed explanation-3: -Terrestrial biomes are distinguished primarily by their predominant vegetation, and are mainly determined by temperature and rainfall. Differences in temperature or precipitation determine the types of plants that grow in a given area (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -The taiga lies between the tundra to the north and temperate forests to the south. Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia have taigas. In Russia, the world’s largest taiga stretches about 5, 800 kilometers (3, 600 miles), from the Pacific Ocean to the Ural Mountains.