AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tundra winters are long, dark, and cold, with mean temperatures below 0°C for six to 10 months of the year. The temperatures are so cold that there is a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost. This permafrost is a defining characteristic of the tundra biome.

Detailed explanation-2: -The tundra is the biome characterized by the presence of permafrost. Permafrost is a layer just beneath the surface of the ground that never thaws, even in the middle of summer. The tundra is also known for being the coldest of Earth’s biomes, getting down to-40 degrees Fahrenheit during the long winter.

Detailed explanation-3: -If you dig down through the arctic tundra, you’ll soon strike a rock-like layer of frozen soil. Even on the warmest summer day, this permafrost layer lies anywhere from a few inches to a few feet below the tundra surface, never thawing. About 85% of Alaska’s land area is underlain by permafrost.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a nutrient pool.

Detailed explanation-5: -The tundra biome is characterized by extremely low temperatures, little nutrients, short growing season, low precipitation, and presence of permafrost. Permafrost is a layer of frozen soil and plant matter that is permanently frozen all year round.