AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Permafrost is soil that is permanently frozen. Permafrost is a permanently frozen layer on or under Earth’s surface. It consists of soil, gravel, and sand, usually bound together by ice. Permafrost usually remains at or below 0°C (32ºF) for at least two years.

Detailed explanation-2: -If you dig down through the arctic tundra, you’ll soon strike a rock-like layer of frozen soil. Even on the warmest summer day, this permafrost layer lies anywhere from a few inches to a few feet below the tundra surface, never thawing.

Detailed explanation-3: -Tundra soils are usually classified as Gelisols or Cryosols, depending on the soil classification system used.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tundra biome is located in the far north and is characterized by persistent soil ice (permafrost) throughout the growing season which in turn does not allow growth of any vegetation. Mosses, lichens, grasses and grasslike sedges are the dominant vegetation.

Detailed explanation-5: -The soil beneath the taiga often contains permafrost-a layer of permanently frozen soil.