AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The main sources of plastic debris found in the ocean are land-based, coming from urban and stormwater runoff, sewer overflows, littering, inadequate waste disposal and management, industrial activities, tyre abrasion, construction and illegal dumping.

Detailed explanation-2: -Land-based pollution includes untreated sewage, agricultural run-off, oils and heavy metals from industry, and sediment washed in from earthworks and logging. Covering nine categories altogether, land-based sources account for 80% of marine pollution.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sources and Effects of Marine Pollution. Runoff approximately 50% sewage, 50% from forestry, farming, and other land use. Also airborne nitrogen oxides from power plants, cars etc.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Main Causes of Land Pollution. While there are many causes of land pollution, the main contributors include litter, waste, urbanization, construction, mining, extraction, and agriculture.