AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tundra winters are long, dark, and cold, with mean temperatures below 0°C for six to 10 months of the year. The temperatures are so cold that there is a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost. This permafrost is a defining characteristic of the tundra biome.

Detailed explanation-2: -The tundra is the biome characterized by the presence of permafrost. Permafrost is a layer just beneath the surface of the ground that never thaws, even in the middle of summer. The tundra is also known for being the coldest of Earth’s biomes, getting down to-40 degrees Fahrenheit during the long winter.

Detailed explanation-3: -Permafrost is a permanently frozen layer below Earth’s surface. It consists of soil, gravel, and sand, usually bound together by ice.

Detailed explanation-4: -Permafrost is any ground that remains completely frozen-32°F (0°C) or colder-for at least two years straight. These permanently frozen grounds are most common in regions with high mountains and in Earth’s higher latitudes-near the North and South Poles. Permafrost covers large regions of the Earth.