AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Density-dependent factors include disease, competition, and predation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Parasites and disease-causing organisms feed at the expense of their hosts, weakening them and often causing disease or death. Parasitism and disease are density-dependent effects, because the denser the host population, the more easily parasites can spread from one host to another.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: Diseases are considered as density-dependent factors because diseases can only spread if the organisms live in close proximity to one another i.e. the population of the organisms should be dense.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most density-dependent factors, which are biological in nature (biotic), include predation, inter-and intraspecific competition, accumulation of waste, and diseases such as those caused by parasites. Usually, the denser a population is, the greater its mortality rate.