AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Geosphere (Lithosphere): the solid Earth (rock materials on the surface and in Earth’s interior layers) and soil.

Detailed explanation-2: -The geosphere includes the rocks and minerals on Earth – from the molten rock and heavy metals in the deep interior of the planet to the sand on beaches and peaks of mountains. The geosphere also includes the abiotic (non-living) parts of soils and the skeletons of animals that may become fossilized over geologic time.

Detailed explanation-3: -The pedosphere, the outermost layer of Earth that is composed of soil and is subject to processes involved in soil formation, plays a critical role in human health. Many trace elements in the underlying lithosphere are available to humans through the formation of soils and its utilization for food production.

Detailed explanation-4: -Soil Is an Essential Component of the Biosphere and the Global Food System (Critical Assessment of the Situation)

Detailed explanation-5: -The geosphere includes all the rocks that make up Earth, from the partially melted rock under the crust, to ancient, towering mountains, to grains of sand on a beach. Both the geosphere and hydrosphere provide the habitat for the biosphere, a global ecosystem that encompasses all the living things on Earth.