AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The category of density independent limiting factors includes fires, natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, tornados), and the effects of pollution. The chances of dying from any of these limiting factors don’t depend on how many individuals are in the population.

Detailed explanation-2: -A density-dependent factor is a factor whose effects on the size or growth of a population vary with the population density. Density-dependent factors typically involve biotic factors, such as the availability of food, parasitism, predation, disease, and migration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Density-dependent factors include disease, competition, and predation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Density-dependent limiting factors include competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism and disease, and stress from overcrowding.