AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary succession happens when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time. This can happen, for example, when lava cools and creates new rocks, or when a glacier retreats and exposes rocks without any soil. During primary succession, organisms must start from scratch.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Because the substrate already exists, secondary succession usually happens faster than primary succession. There is no soil in primary succession thus, it must form. This process takes a more extended period because pioneer species must invade the area, die, and soil formed due to this cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -The process of primary succession can take hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In contrast, the process of secondary succession can reestablish an ecosystem’s climax communities in as few as 50 years. The ecosystem’s animal populations are also established more quickly during secondary succession.