AP BIOLOGY

ECOLOGY

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Ecologist F. E. Clements is known for his research on ecological succession. Clements described succession as a dynamic process with many steps. He named the last step of succession the climax step. Which is a characteristic Clements would associate with the last step of succession?
A
Growth of lichens and mosses
B
Increased competition between organisms
C
Period of regrowth and regeneration
D
Very little competition
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Clements’ view that succession is a developmental process whose final stage, the climax formation, is determined primarily by regional climate and that all other types of vegetation are some kind of successional stage or arrested successional stage.

Detailed explanation-2: -The 5 stages of Ecological Succession in successive order are-Nudation, Invasion, Competition and Co-action, Reaction, and Climax or Stabilization.

Detailed explanation-3: -According to Clements, succession is a process involving several phases: Nudation: Succession begins with the development of a bare site, called Nudation (disturbance). Migration: refers to arrival of propagules. Ecesis: involves establishment and initial growth of vegetation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ecological succession is the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time. Gradually, these communities replace one another until a “climax community”-like a mature forest-is reached, or until a disturbance, like a fire, occurs. Ecological succession is a fundamental concept in ecology.

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