AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary succession occurs after a volcanic eruption or earthquake; it involves the breakdown of rocks by lichens to create new, nutrient-rich soils. The first species to colonize an area after a major disturbance are called pioneer species; they help to form the new environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession occurs only in a bare rock or a newly formed water body.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed to provide lifeless habitat for the organisms for the first time. When the volcano erupts, it forms a small island (composed of rocks) that provides lifeless habitat for the organism (for the first time).

Detailed explanation-4: -Succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community is called primary succession. For example, in Mount Saint Helens, Washington, an erupting volcano decimated all nearby living organisms. Changes in this community will continue for centuries.